RAC数据库的RMAN备份异机如何恢复到单节点数据库

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RAC 数据库的 RMAN 备份异机如何恢复到单节点数据库，很多新手对此不是很清楚，为了帮助大家解决这个难题，下面丸趣 TV 小编将为大家详细讲解，有这方面需求的人可以来学习下，希望你能有所收获。

1、首先在 rac 环境用 rman 备份数据库。
[oracle@rac1 admin]$ rman target /
run
{
allocate channel c1 device type disk connect sys/welcome123@IRAC1
allocate channel c2 device type disk connect sys/welcome123@IRAC2
backup AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET incremental level= 0 Database format= /u01/app/oracle/backup/full_%U_%T tag= fullbackup
sql alter system archive log current
backup archivelog all tag= arc_bak format= /u01/app/oracle/backup/arch_%U_%T delete input;
backup current controlfile tag= bak_ctlfile format= /u01/app/oracle/backup/ctl_file_%U_%T
backup spfile tag= spfile format= /u01/app/oracle/backup/spfile_%U_%T
release channel c2;
release channel c1;
}

备份过程中出现如下报错
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on c1 channel at 08/25/2017 17:19:41
ORA-00245: control file backup failed; target is likely on a local file system

处理方法如下，在 RAC 环境运行如下命令：
RMAN show snapshot controlfile name;
RMAN CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO +DATA/IRAC/CONTROLFILE/snapcf_IRAC.f
处理后备份成功。

2、将 rac 环境的 rman 备份拷贝到单机 (注意需要从 rac 的节点二上拷贝一部分来)。并就 rac 环境 pfile copy 到单机, 根据单机主机资源，修改集群参数，实例名，文件路径以及 sga 和 pga 等参数。修改如下:
*.audit_file_dest= /u01/oracle/admin/IRAC/adump
*.audit_trail= db
*.compatible= 11.2.0.0.0
*.control_files= /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/control01.dbf , /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/control02.dbf
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest= /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/
*.db_name= IRAC
*.db_recovery_file_dest= /u01/oracle/
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4558159872
*.diagnostic_dest= /u01/oracle
*.dispatchers= (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=IRACXDB)
*.log_archive_dest_1= location=/u01/oracle/archive
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=100m
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile= exclusive
*.sga_target=400m
IRAC.undo_tablespace= UNDOTBS1

3、用 pfile 将数据库启动到 nomount
export ORACLE_SID=IRAC
[orapre@ouc backup]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun Aug 27 19:06:40 2017

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL startup nomount pfile= /u01/backup/1.ora
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2228944 bytes
Variable Size 134221104 bytes
Database Buffers 272629760 bytes
Redo Buffers 8466432 bytes
SQL

4、restore 控制文件。
restore controlfile from /u01/backup/ctl_file_18sd1hv3_1_1_20170828
[orapre@ouc backup]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 – Production on Sun Aug 27 20:48:13 2017

connected to target database: IRAC (not mounted)

RMAN restore controlfile from /u01/backup/ctl_file_18sd1hv3_1_1_20170828

Starting restore at 27-AUG-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
output file name=/u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/control01.dbf
output file name=/u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/control02.dbf
Finished restore at 27-AUG-17
RMAN

5、restore 数据文件、归档。
alter database mount;
catalog start with /u01/backup
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
set newname for datafile 1 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/system.dbf
set newname for datafile 2 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/sysaux.dbf
set newname for datafile 3 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/undotbs1.dbf
set newname for datafile 4 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/users.dbf
set newname for datafile 5 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/undotbs2.dbf
set newname for datafile 6 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/example.dbf
restore database;
switch datafile all;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}

RMAN list backup of archivelog all;
List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key Size
——- ———-
35 4.81M

List of Archived Logs in backup set 35
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
—- ——- ———- ——— ———- ———
1 41 3183645 28-AUG-17 3209549 28-AUG-17
2 30 3183649 28-AUG-17 3209517 28-AUG-17

Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 35
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
———– ———— ————— ———- —
DISK 00:00:00 28-AUG-17 NO ARC_BAK

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 35 Copy #1
BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name
——- — ———– ———-
35 1 EXPIRED /u01/app/oracle/backup/arch_14sd1hv1_1_1_20170828

Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 35
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
———– ———— ————— ———- —
DISK 00:00:00 27-AUG-17 NO ARC_BAK

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 35 Copy #2
BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name
——- — ———– ———-
44 1 AVAILABLE /u01/backup/arch_14sd1hv1_1_1_20170828

BS Key Size
——- ———-
36 1.68M

List of Archived Logs in backup set 36
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
—- ——- ———- ——— ———- ———
1 42 3209549 28-AUG-17 3216276 28-AUG-17
2 31 3209517 28-AUG-17 3209519 28-AUG-17

Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 36
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
———– ———— ————— ———- —
DISK 00:00:00 28-AUG-17 NO ARC_BAK

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 36 Copy #1
BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name
——- — ———– ———-
36 1 EXPIRED /u01/app/oracle/backup/arch_15sd1hv2_1_1_20170828

Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 36
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
———– ———— ————— ———- —
DISK 00:00:00 27-AUG-17 NO ARC_BAK

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 36 Copy #2
BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name
——- — ———– ———-
43 1 AVAILABLE /u01/backup/arch_15sd1hv2_1_1_20170828

BS Key Size
——- ———-
37 1.85M

List of Archived Logs in backup set 37
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
—- ——- ———- ——— ———- ———
2 32 3209656 28-AUG-17 3216272 28-AUG-17
2 33 3216272 28-AUG-17 3216288 28-AUG-17

Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 37
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
———– ———— ————— ———- —
DISK 00:00:00 28-AUG-17 NO ARC_BAK

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 37 Copy #1
BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name
——- — ———– ———-
37 1 EXPIRED /u01/app/oracle/backup/arch_16sd1hut_1_1_20170828

Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 37
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
———– ———— ————— ———- —
DISK 00:00:00 27-AUG-17 NO ARC_BAK

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 37 Copy #2
BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name
——- — ———– ———-
47 1 AVAILABLE /u01/backup/arch_16sd1hut_1_1_20170828

BS Key Size
——- ———-
38 2.00K

List of Archived Logs in backup set 38
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
—- ——- ———- ——— ———- ———
1 43 3216276 28-AUG-17 3216284 28-AUG-17

Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 38
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
———– ———— ————— ———- —
DISK 00:00:00 28-AUG-17 NO ARC_BAK

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 38 Copy #1
BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name
——- — ———– ———-
38 1 EXPIRED /u01/app/oracle/backup/arch_17sd1hv2_1_1_20170828

Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 38
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
———– ———— ————— ———- —
DISK 00:00:00 27-AUG-17 NO ARC_BAK

List of Backup Pieces for backup set 38 Copy #2
BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name
——- — ———– ———-
42 1 AVAILABLE /u01/backup/arch_17sd1hv2_1_1_20170828

RMAN restore archivelog sequence between 30 and 33 thread 2;
RMAN restore archivelog sequence between 41 and 43 thread 1;

6、打开数据库

SQL recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 3216190 generated at 08/28/2017 11:38:07 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/oracle/archive/1_42_951416315.dbf
ORA-00280: change 3216190 for thread 1 is in sequence #42
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
AUTO
recover 出现报错，直接常识 open resetlogs

open resetlog 之前需要对 redolog 重命名
alter database rename file +DATA/irac/onlinelog/group_2.264.951416317 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/redo01.dbf
alter database rename file +DATA/irac/onlinelog/group_2.265.951416317 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/redo02.dbf
alter database rename file +DATA/irac/onlinelog/group_1.262.951416315 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/redo03.dbf
alter database rename file +DATA/irac/onlinelog/group_1.263.951416317 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/redo04.dbf
alter database rename file +DATA/irac/onlinelog/group_3.268.951416437 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/redo05.dbf
alter database rename file +DATA/irac/onlinelog/group_3.269.951416439 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/redo06.dbf
alter database rename file +DATA/irac/onlinelog/group_4.270.951416439 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/redo07.dbf
alter database rename file +DATA/irac/onlinelog/group_4.271.951416439 to /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/redo08.dbf

alter database open resetlogs;
create temporary tablespace temp1 tempfile /u01/oracle/oradata/IRAC/temp1.dbf size 20M;
alter database default temporary tablespace temp1;

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